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Download Netter’s Atlas of Human Anatomy 7th Edition PDF Free

Download Sobotta Atlas of Human Anatomy PDF. Sobotta – Atlas of Human Anatomy: the exam atlas for understanding, learning, and training anatomy. The English-language Sobotta Atlas with English nomenclature is specifically adapted to the needs of preclinical medical students.

The only anatomy atlas illustrated by physicians, Atlas of Human Anatomy, 7th edition, brings you world-renowned, exquisitely clear views of the human body with a clinical perspective. In addition to the famous work of Dr. Frank Netter, you’ll also find nearly 100 paintings by Dr. Carlos A. G. Machado, one of today’s foremost medical illustrators.

Together, these two uniquely talented physician-artists highlight the most clinically relevant views of the human body. X plane 11 freeware airplanes. In addition, more than 50 carefully selected radiologic images help bridge illustrated anatomy to living anatomy as seen in everyday practice.

• • Region-by-region coverage, including Muscle Table appendices at the end of each section.

• • Large, clear illustrations with comprehensive labels not only of major structures, but also of those with important relationships.

• Tabular material in separate pages and additional supporting material as a part of the electronic companion so the printed page stays focused on the illustration.

Updates to the 7th Edition – based on requests from students and practitioners alike:

• • New Systems Overview section featuring brand-new, full-body views of surface anatomy, vessels, nerves, and lymphatics.

• • More than 25 new illustrations by Dr. Machado, including the clinically important fascial columns of the neck, deep veins of the leg, hip bursae, and vasculature of the prostate; and difficult-to-visualize areas like the infratemporal fossa.

• • New Clinical Tables at the end of each regional section that focus on structures with high clinical significance. These tables provide quick summaries, organized by body system, and indicate where to best view key structures in the illustrated plates.

• • More than 50 new radiologic images – some completely new views and others using newer imaging tools – have been included based on their ability to assist readers in grasping key elements of gross anatomy.

• • Updated terminology based on the international anatomic standard, Terminologia Anatomica, with common clinical eponyms included.

• Student Consult access includes a pincode to unlock the complete enhanced eBook of the Atlas through Student Consult. Every plate in the Atlas―and over 100 Bonus Plates including illustrations from previous editions―are enhanced with an interactive label quiz option and supplemented with “Plate Pearls” that provide quick key points and supplemental tools for learning, reviewing, and assessing your knowledge of the major themes of each plate. Tools include 300 multiple choice questions, videos, 3D models, and links to related plates.

Table of Contents

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Below is the complete table of contents offered inside Netter’s Atlas of Human Anatomy 7th Edition PDF:

SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION PLATES 1-7
SECTION 2: HEAD AND NECK PLATES 8-160
SECTION 3: BACK AND SPINAL CORD PLATES 161-186
SECTION 4: THORAX PLATES 187-248
SECTION 5: ABDOMEN PLATES 249-332
SECTION 6: PELVIS AND PERINEUM PLATES 333-401
SECTION 7: UPPER LIMB PLATES 402-470
SECTION 8: LOWER LIMB PLATES 471-535

Download Netter’s Atlas of Human Anatomy 7th Edition PDF Free

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Attacus atlas, the Atlas moth, is a large saturniidmoth endemic to the forests of Asia. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 10th edition of Systema Naturae.

• 4Life cycle

Description[edit]

The Atlas moth is one of the largest lepidopterans with a wingspan measuring between 25–30 cm (9.8–11.8 in) and a wing surface area of about 400 cm² (62 in²). It is only surpassed in wingspan by the white witch (Thysania agrippina) and in wing surface area by the Hercules moth (Coscinocera hercules). As in most Lepidoptera, females are noticeably larger and heavier than males, while males have broader antennae.^[1][2][3]

The body is disproportionately small compared to the wings. The upperside of the wings are reddish brown with a pattern of black, white, pink, and purple lines and triangular, scale-less windows bordered in black. The undersides of the wings are paler. Both forewings have a prominent extension at the top.^[4]

Habitat[edit]

Their habitat is primarily dry tropical forests, secondary forests, and shrublands across South Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia, including Borneo.^[5]

Etymology[edit]

Atlas moths are named after either Atlas, the Titan of Greek mythology (due to their size), or their map-like wing patterns. In Hong Kong, the Cantonese means 'snake's head moth', referring to the prominent extension of the forewing which bears resemblance to the head of a snake.^[6]

Life cycle[edit]

Mating[edit]

Females release powerful pheromones through a gland on the end of the abdomen to attract a mate. The female does not stray far from the location of her discarded cocoon. She seeks out a perch where the air currents will best carry her pheromones. Males can detect and home in on these pheromones from several kilometers away using chemoreceptors located on their feathery antennae.^[7] Once fertilized, the female lays a number of spherical eggs, 2.5 mm (0.098 in) in diameter, on the undersides of the leaves of food plants.

Larva[edit]

Dusty-green caterpillars hatch after approximately two weeks and feed voraciously on the foliage of citrus, cinnamon, guava, and evergreen trees.^[8] The caterpillars can grow to 11.5 cm (4.5 in) in length and 2.5 cm (0.98 in) in thickness. They are adorned with white, waxy, fleshy spines along their backs, which become more prominent at later instars. Beside the prolegs on the last abdominal segment, there is a large green spot surrounded by an orange ring.

Pupa[edit]

After reaching a length of about 11.5 cm (4.5 in), the caterpillars are ready to pupate. They spin a 7-8 cm long papery cocoon interwoven with desiccated leaves and attach it to a twig using a strand of silk. The adult moths emerge from the cocoon after approximately four weeks depending on environmental factors.

Imago[edit]

Netter Anatomy Atlas Pdf Free Download

Adult Atlas moths are weak, unsteady fliers. To conserve energy, the moths rest during the day and fly at night. As they lack fully formed mouthparts, the adults cannot eat, subsisting entirely on fat reserves accumulated during the larval stage. As a result, they live for only a few days during which their sole objective is seeking out a mate. Adults may be found on wing throughout the year but are most abundant between November and January.

Relationship with humans[edit]

In India, Atlas moths are cultivated for their silk in a non-commercial capacity. Unlike silk produced by the related domestic silkmoth (Bombyx mori), Atlas moth silk is secreted as broken strands and is therefore less desirable. This brown, wool-like silk, known as fagara, is thought to have greater durability.^[9] Atlas moth cocoons are sometimes used as small pocket change purses in Taiwan.^[10]

The Japanese subspecies A. a. ryukyuensis, native to Yonaguni in the Yaeyama Islands, may have served as inspiration for the movie monster Mothra.

Similar taxa[edit]

The term 'Atlas moth' is sometimes used mistakenly as a name for any species in the genus Attacus, of which there are over 20 named species and subspecies. Attacus taprobanis^[11] native to southern India and Sri Lanka^[12] is very similar in morphology to the much more widely distributed Attacus atlas. It was once considered a subspecies of A. atlas.^[13] A few New World species can be mistaken for Atlas moths, specifically members of the genus Rothschildia. Very similar in appearance to the Asian Atlas moth, Rothschildia aurota is one of the largest members of its genus and a Neotropical relative.

References[edit]

1. ^Watson, A. & Whalley, P.E.S. (1983). The Dictionary of Butterflies and Moths in Colour. Peerage Books, London, England. ISBN0-907408-62-1
2. ^Robert G. Foottit & Peter H. Adler. 2009. Insect Biodiversity: Science and Society. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. ISBN978-1-405-15142-9
3. ^Rainier Flindt. 2006. Amazing Numbers in Biology. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. ISBN3-540-30146-1
4. ^'Atlas Moth Attacus atlas'. World Association of Zoos and Aquariums. Archived from the original on 2012-02-13. Retrieved 2018-04-05.
5. ^Holloway, J.D. (1987). The Moths of Borneo, part 3: Lasiocampidae, Eupteroptidae, Bombycidae, Brahmaeidae, Saturniidae, Sphingidae. Southdene Sdn. Bhd., Kuala Lumpur
6. ^Yiu, V. (2006). Insecta Hongkongica. Hong Kong Discovery. Kowloon, Hong Kong. 655pp. ISBN988-97173-9-5
7. ^Shepherd, G.M. (1994). 'Chemical Senses'. In Neurobiology 3rd Edition. Oxford University Press
8. ^Robinson, G.S., Ackery, P.R., Kitching, I.J., Beccaloni, G.W. & Hernández, L.M. (2001). Hostplants of the Moth and Butterfly Caterpillars of the Oriental Region. Southdene Sdn. Bhd., Kuala Lumpur & The Natural History Museum, London. 744 pp. ISBN983-40053-3-4
9. ^Jolly, M.S., Sen, S.K., Sonwalkar, T.N. & Prasad, G.S. (1979). Non-mulberry silks. Food & Agriculture Organisation. United Nations, Serv. Bull. 29. Rome. xvii + 178pp
10. ^S. B. Jugale; et al. (2010). 'Major Insect Pests of Xylocarpus granatum Koen., a Critically Endangered Mangrove Species of Maharashtra'(PDF). ISSN0973-7049.
11. ^Moore, Frederic (1880). The Lepidoptera of Ceylon. Vol. II. London: L. Reeve & co. pp. 124–125.
12. ^Peigler, Richard S. (1989). A Revision of the Indo-Australian Genus Attacus (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Lepidoptera Research Foundation. ISBN0961146427. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
13. ^Savela, Markku. 'Attacus atlas (Linnaeus, 1758)'. Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved November 10, 2018.

External links[edit]